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      • Six Sigma: Measure : 1 Identify Measurement and Variation
      • Six Sigma: Measure : 2 Determine Data Type
      • Six Sigma: Measure : 3 Develop Data Collection Plan
      • Six Sigma: Measure : 4 Measurement System Analysis & Data Collection
      • Six Sigma: Measure : 5 Perform Capability Analysis
    • Six Sigma: Analyze Phase : Outcomes & 4 Element >
      • Six Sigma Analyze : 1 Measuring and modeling the relationship between Variables
      • Six Sigma Analyze : 2 Hypothesis Testing
      • Six Sigma Analyze : 3 Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
      • Six Sigma Analyze : 4 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
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​Six Sigma: Measure : 4 Measurement System Analysis & Data Collection

Sensitivity Reproducibility Accuracy of Measurement Precision of Measurement Definition of Gage R&R Gage R&R –Repeatability Reproducibility
There is much confusion on measurement terminology. There are four characteristics to examine in a gage system.
Sensitivity
The gage should be sensitive enough to detect differences in measurement as slight as one-tenth of the total tolerance specification or process spread, whichever is smaller. Inadequate discrimination will affect boththe accuracy and precision of an operator’s reported values.
Reproducibility
The “reliability” of the gage system or similar gage systems to reproduce measurements. The reproducibility of a single gage is customarily checked by comparing the results of different operators taken at different times. Gage reproducibility affects both accuracy and precision.
Accuracy of Measurement
•Broken down into three components:
1. Stability: the consistency of measurements over time.
2. Accuracy: a measure of the amount of bias in the system.
3. Linearity: a measure of the bias values through the expected range of measurements.
Precision of Measurement
•Precision, aka Measurement Variation, can be broken down into two components:
1. Repeatability (Equipment variation): variation in measurements under exact conditions.
2. Reproducibility (Appraiser variation): variation in the average of measurements when different operators measure the same part.
​
Picture

Definition of Gage R&R
•Gage R&R is a method of determining:
–Repeatability
–Reproducibility
Gage R&R –Repeatability
The term “repeatability”refers to:
•The inherent variability of the measuring system
•Variation that occurs when repeated measurements are made of the same item under absolutely identical conditions–Same operator–Same setup–Same units–Same environmental conditions
Gage R&R –Reproducibility
The term “reproducibility”refers to:•The variation that results when different conditions are used to make the measurements–Different operators–Different setups–Different units–Different environmental conditions–Different measurement systems
Picture
•If the measurement system fails to pass analysis, before collecting data:
–Fix gage
–Fix measurement system
–Train measurement takers
At the conclusion of the Measurement System Analysis, the Project Team should know that:
-The measurement system is capable of gathering data that accurately reflects variation in the process
– If there is measurement error, how big it is and a method of accounting for it
-Measurement increments are small enough to show variation
-Sources of measurement error have been identified
Example of Study Gage R&R: You can read results with below logic in mind:
If the Total Gage R&R contribution in the %Study Var column (% Tolerance, %Process) is:
  • Less than 10% – the measurement system is acceptable.
  • Between 10% and 30% – the measurement system is acceptable depending on the application, the cost of the measuring device, cost of repair, or other factors.
  • Greater than 30% – the measurement system is unacceptable and should be improved.

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  • Home
  • Six Sigma Wiki
    • History of Six Sigma : The Guru’s
    • Lean vs Six Sigma
    • What is Six Sigma ? Objectives Fundamental Beliefs Benefits
    • Six Sigma Project Overview >
      • Six Sigma Process Performance Metrics
      • Project Execution : Selection , Flowchart , Management , Evaluation
      • Voice of the Customer (VOC) >
        • CTX (Critical to X) Quality
        • Kano Model
        • Different type of Quality Cost
      • Risk Analysis SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat)
    • Six Sigma Team Management : Types, Roles, Size, Stages & Life cycle >
      • Six Sigma Organizational Infrastructure Team Leadership >
        • Six Sigma Roles and owners process
        • 3 levels of business management process
        • Six Sigma Training: Black vs Green Belt
        • Overview of DMAIC : Key points
      • Six Sigma Team Tool: Facilitation & Groupthink
      • Nominal Group Techniques Multivoting Force Field Analysis Brainstorming
      • Diagrams : Affinity Tree PDPC Matrix Interrelationship Prioritization matrices Activity network diagram
      • The 4 Stages of Team Growth & Human factor: Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing
    • Six Sigma: Define Phase : Outcomes & 6 Element >
      • Six Sigma Define: 1Define Problem & 2 Identify Customer
      • Six Sigma : Define : 3 : Identify CTQs ( VOC Kano Model )
      • Six Sigma : Define : 4 : Map Process 5 Refine Project Scope
      • Six Sigma : Define : 6 Update Project Charter ( PERT CPM Gantt Bar WBS)
    • Six Sigma: Measure Phase : Outcomes & 5 Element >
      • Six Sigma: Measure : 1 Identify Measurement and Variation
      • Six Sigma: Measure : 2 Determine Data Type
      • Six Sigma: Measure : 3 Develop Data Collection Plan
      • Six Sigma: Measure : 4 Measurement System Analysis & Data Collection
      • Six Sigma: Measure : 5 Perform Capability Analysis
    • Six Sigma: Analyze Phase : Outcomes & 4 Element >
      • Six Sigma Analyze : 1 Measuring and modeling the relationship between Variables
      • Six Sigma Analyze : 2 Hypothesis Testing
      • Six Sigma Analyze : 3 Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
      • Six Sigma Analyze : 4 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
    • Six Sigma: Improve Phase : Overview & 6 Element >
      • Six Sigma: Improve Phase : 1 About Design of experiments (DOE)
      • Six Sigma: Improve Phase : 2 DOE Process variables & Analysis
      • Six Sigma: Improve Phase : 3 Design Selection Guideline
      • Six Sigma: Improve Phase : 4 : Lean 5S
      • Six Sigma: Improve Phase : 5 Poke Yoke
      • Six Sigma: Improve Phase : 6 Standard Work & Kaizen
    • Six Sigma: Control Phase : Overview & 3 Element >
      • Six Sigma: Control Phase : 1. Statistical Process Control
      • Six Sigma: Control Phase : 2. Control Chart
      • Six Sigma: Control Phase : 3. Other: Pre-control Technique, TPM & Visual Management
  • Lean Wiki
    • History of Lean & Guru’s >
      • Birth of Lean
    • About Lean, Value, Waste, Muda, Mura & Muri >
      • Overview Lean Tools, Techniques & House of Lean
      • Lean Excellence, Tools & Framework
      • Lean Framework 6 points, metric & Stability
    • Lean Team Setup : Structure, Meeting & Project >
      • Self Directed Work Teams (SDWT) , ACHIEVE TEAM SYNERGY , SQDCM, Teamwork Principles, Team Structure & Team Leader
      • The 4 Stages of Team Growth & Human factor: Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing
    • Lean Process Mapping: Generic & Type >
      • SIPOC: Suppliers, Input, Process, Output & Customers
      • Lean Process Management , Excellence , Identification , Design & Mapping
      • Lean Process Mapping Symbols
      • How to Create a Simple Process Flow Diagram
      • Lean Value Stream Mapping, current, future & 3 type of work
      • Value Stream Mapping (VSM): About & 17 steps
      • Other Types of Process Maps & Pitfalls: Resources: iDef0, Document Map, Work Diagrams, Rendered Process Map
    • Lean Process Optimization , Andon System , Error Proofing ( Poka Yoke ) & Defect vs Errors >
      • Lean 5S System
      • Kanban : Benefits, Shapes of Inventory, Type, Operation & Sizing
      • Cellular Manufacturing: About, Benefits & 4 Dimensions of Cells
      • Heijunka, A 3 Thinking, Hoshin planning, Jidoka, Poka‐yoke , Kanban, Takt , Kaizen
      • Lean Kaizen (continuous improvement), Systems Thinking & Process Variability
      • Lean Visual Management & Visual Control
      • Lean Waste Detail: Eight Types of Waste
      • Line Balancing, Cycle Time, Takt Time, Assembly / Workload Balance & Man – Machine – Setup – Time
      • Single Piece Flow, Continuous Flow & Standardized Work
      • SMED Single Minute Exchange of Dies
      • Total Productive Maintenance (TPM): Preventive Maintenance Corrective Maintenance Inbuilt Maintenance
  • Blog
  • Contact